Cutting oil with vegetal oil

ABSTRACT

Methods and compositions relating to a cutting oil including vegetal oil such as Pinhao Manso vegetal oil, which may be applied to a metal such as aluminum or gray cast iron during milling, tapping, and/or drilling operations.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority benefit from U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/607,812, filed on Mar. 7, 2012, which is incorporatedby reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Cutting fluid is often used in abundance to cool and lubricate machiningand grinding processes of metal. The use of cutting fluid generally aidsin economy of tools and it becomes easier to keep tight tolerances andto maintain workpiece surface properties without damages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to some embodiments of the present invention, a cutting oilincludes Pinhao Manso vegetal oil in an amount of at least about 30 wt %of the cutting oil; or about 40 wt % to about 70 wt % of the cuttingoil.

In some embodiments, a cutting oil includes saturated and/or unsaturatedfatty acids in an amount of about 10 wt % to about 30 wt % of thecutting oil. In some embodiments, a cutting oil includes syntheticesters in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % of the cutting oil.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, a method ofmetal processing includes applying a cutting oil to a metal, wherein thecutting oil includes Pinhao Manso vegetal oil in an amount of at leastabout 30 wt % of the cutting oil. In some embodiments, the metal is graycast iron or aluminum. In some embodiments, the cutting oil is appliedto a metal for milling, tapping, and/or drilling operations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for use in themachining and grinding processes of metal alloys. In some embodiments,the present invention relates to a cutting oil composition including oneor more vegetal oils, such as Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

Cutting Oil

In some embodiments, a cutting oil contains vegetal oil. In someembodiments, a cutting oil contains Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. PinhaoManso vegetal oil may be produced by an extraction process of PinhaoManso seeds. Pinhao Manso may be known by its scientific name ofJatropha curcas L., and is a member of botanical family Euphorbiaceae.Pinhao Manso may also be known as physic nut, purging nut, Barbado nut,Pinho-paraguaio, pinho-de-purga, pinho-de-cerca, purgante-de-cavalo,manduigau, mandubigua, figo-doinferno, purgueira, mandythygnaco, pinhocro, Pion, Pioncito, Piol, Higos del duende, Barbasco, Pionespurgativos, Periyanasi (piro); Pin josh (amahuaca); Wapawapaoshe (eseeja); Josho pionis y Huiso pionis (shipiboconibo), or Pea branco(portugus).

In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains one or more ofthe following acids or saturated or unsaturated oils: miristic,palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. In someembodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains miristic acid in anamount of about 0.05 wt % to about 0.25 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 0.07 wt % to about 0.23 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil;about 0.09 wt % to about 0.21 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil;about 0.1 wt % to about 0.2 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about0.05 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.06 wt % of the PinhaoManso vegetal oil; about 0.07 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil;about 0.08 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.09 wt % of thePinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.1 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 0.11 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.12 wt % ofthe Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.13 wt % the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 0.14 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.15 wt % ofthe Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.156 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 0.16 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.17wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.18 wt % of the PinhaoManso vegetal oil; about 0.19 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil;about 0.2 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.21 wt % of thePinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.22 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 0.23 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.24 wt % ofthe Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 0.25 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil.

In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains palmitic acid inan amout of about 13.16 wt % to about 13.36 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 13.18 wt % to about 13.34 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 13.2 wt % to about 13.32 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 13.22 wt % to about 13.3 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 13.24 to about 13.28 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 13.16 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.18 wt %of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.2 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 13.22 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about13.24 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.26 wt % of thePinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.265 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 13.28 wt % the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.3 wt % ofthe Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.32 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 13.34 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about13.36 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains palmitoleic acidin an amount of about 0.67 wt % to about 0.87 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 0.69 wt % to about 0.85 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 0.71 wt % to about 0.83 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 0.73 wt % to about 0.81 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 0.75 to about 0.79 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 0.67 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.69 wt % ofthe Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.71 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 0.73 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.75wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.77 wt % of the PinhaoManso vegetal oil; about 0.774 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil;about 0.79 wt % the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.81 wt % of thePinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.83 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 0.85 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 0.87 wt %of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains stearic acid inan amount of about 6.5 wt % to about 6.7 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 6.52 wt % to about 6.68 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 6.54 wt % to about 6.66 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 6.56 wt % to about 6.64 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 6.58 to about 6.62 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 6.5 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.52 wt % ofthe Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.54 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 6.56 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.58wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.6 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 6.62 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.64wt % the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.66 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 6.68 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about6.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains oleic acid in anamount of about 39.3 wt % to about 41.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 39.5 wt % to about 41.1 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil;about 39.7 wt % to about 40.9 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil;about 39.9 wt % to about 40.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil;about 40.1 to about 40.5 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about39.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.5 wt % of the PinhaoManso vegetal oil; about 39.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil;about 39.9 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.1 wt % of thePinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 40.354 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.5 wt %the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.7 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 40.9 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 41.1wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 41.3 wt % of the PinhaoManso vegetal oil.

In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains linoleic acid inan amount of about 37.7 wt % to about 39.7 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 37.9 wt % to about 39.5 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 38.1 wt % to about 39.3 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 38.3 wt % to about 39.1 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 38.5 to about 38.9 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 37.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 37.9 wt % ofthe Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.1 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 38.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.5wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.695 wt % of the PinhaoManso vegetal oil; about 38.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil;about 38.9 wt % the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.1 wt % of thePinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 39.5 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 39.7 wt %of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains linolenic acid inan amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 0.25 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 0.07 wt % to about 0.23 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 0.09 wt % to about 0.21 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 0.1 wt % to about 0.2 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 0.05 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.06wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.07 wt % of the PinhaoManso vegetal oil; about 0.08 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil;about 0.09 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.1 wt % of thePinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.11 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 0.12 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.13 wt %the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.14 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 0.15 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about0.156 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.16 wt % of thePinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.17 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 0.18 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.19 wt % ofthe Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.2 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetaloil; about 0.21 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.22 wt % ofthe Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.23 wt % of the Pinhao Mansovegetal oil; about 0.24 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about0.25 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

In one embodiment, Pinhao Manso oil exhibits the following gaschromatography results:

Peak No. Reten. Time rea [mV · s] Amount [%] Component Name 1 1.8877.2230 0.156 Miristic 2 2.367 614.3937 13.265 Palmitic 3 2.453 35.86130.774 Palmitoleic 4 3.020 305.6855 6.600 Stearic 5 3.140 1869.071140.354 Oleic 6 3.333 1792.2645 38.695 Linoleic 7 3.587 7.2315 0.156Linolenic Total 4631.7306 100.000

In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil exhibits a yellow to ambercolor with a clear to slightly hazy appearance. In some embodiments,Pinhao Manso vegetal oil has a density (20/4° C.) of about 0.905 toabout 0.935, or about 0.918; a flash point of about 290° C. or greater,or about 304° C.; a saponification value of about 180 mgKOH/g to about210 mgKOH/g, or about 192.7 mgKOH/g; and/or a Karl Fischer water contentof about 0.15% to about 0.3%, or about 0.22%.

In some embodiments, a cutting oil contains Pinhao Manso oil in anamount of about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 25 wt % of the cuttingoil; about 30 wt %; of the cutting oil; about 35 wt % of the cuttingoil; about 40 wt % of the cutting oil; about 45 wt % of the cutting oil;about 50 wt % of the cutting oil; about 55 wt % of the cutting oil;about 60 wt % of the cutting oil; about 65 wt % of the cutting oil;about 70 wt % of the cutting oil; about 75 wt % of the cutting oil;about 80 wt % of the cutting oil; about 85 wt % of the cutting oil;about 90 wt % of the cutting oil; about 95 wt % of the cutting oil;about 100 wt % of the cutting oil; about 20 wt % or greater of thecutting oil; about 25 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 30 wt %or greater of the cutting oil; about 35 wt % or greater of the cuttingoil; about 40 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 45 wt % orgreater of the cutting oil; about 50 wt % or greater of the cutting oil;about 55 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 60 wt % or greater ofthe cutting oil; about 65 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 70wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 75 wt % or greater of thecutting oil; about 80 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 85 wt %or greater of the cutting oil; about 90 wt % or greater of the cuttingoil; or about 95 wt % or greater of the cutting oil.

Cutting oils of the present invention may also contain other vegetaloils as well as conventional cutting oil components. In someembodiments, cutting oils may include synthetic esters, saturated orunsaturated fatty acids (C₁₂-C₂₂), carboxylic acid, water, sulfonates,alcohols, glycol ethers, polyglycols, amines, biocides, corrosioninhibitor, EP additives, and/or defoamers.

In some embodiments, suitable synthetic esters may include but are notlimited to TMP oleate ester and NPG-oleate ester. In some embodiments, acutting oil may contain synthetic ester in an amount of about 1 wt % toabout 30 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % to about 25 wt % of thecutting oil; about 3 wt % to about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt %of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of thecutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of thecutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of thecutting oil; about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 11 wt % of thecutting oil; about 12 wt % of the cutting oil; about 13 wt % of thecutting oil; about 14 wt % of the cutting oil; about 15 wt % of thecutting oil; about 16 wt % of the cutting oil; about 17 wt % of thecutting oil; about 18 wt % of the cutting oil; about 19 wt % of thecutting oil; about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 21 wt % of thecutting oil; about 22 wt % of the cutting oil; about 23 wt % of thecutting oil; about 24 wt % of the cutting oil; about 25 wt % of thecutting oil; or about 30 wt % of the cutting oil.

In some embodiments, suitable saturated or unsaturated fatty acids mayinclude but are not limited to (Z)-docos-13-enoic acid;(9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid; octanoic acid; and/or(9Z,12R)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid. In some embodiments, a cuttingoil includes saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (C₁₂-C₂₂) in an amountof about 1 wt % to about 40 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % toabout 38 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % to about 36 wt % of thecutting oil; about 6 wt % to about 34 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8wt % to about 32 wt % of the cutting oil; about 10 wt % to about 30 wt %of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of thecutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of thecutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 10 wt % of thecutting oil; about 12 wt % of the cutting oil; about 14 wt % of thecutting oil; about 16 wt % of the cutting oil; about 18 wt % of thecutting oil; about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 22 wt % of thecutting oil; about 24 wt % of the cutting oil; about 26 wt % of thecutting oil; about 28 wt % of the cutting oil; about 30 wt % of thecutting oil; about 32 wt % of the cutting oil; about 34 wt % of thecutting oil; about 36 wt % of the cutting oil; about 38 wt % of thecutting oil; or about 40 wt % of the cutting oil.

In some embodiments, suitable carboxylic acids may include but are notlimited to 1,12-dodecanedioic Acid; decamethylenedicarboxylic acid;and/or undecanedioic acid. In some embodiments, a cutting oil maycontain carboxylic acids in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt %of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % to about 9 wt % of the cutting oil;about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % toabout 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of thecutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt %of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of thecutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of thecutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of thecutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of thecutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt % of thecutting oil.

In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain water in an amount ofabout 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % toabout 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of thecutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; ; about0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt %of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of thecutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2.5 wt % of thecutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of thecutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of thecutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of thecutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt % of thecutting oil.

In some embodiments, suitable sulfonates may include but are not limitedto neutral sodium sulphonate. In some embodiments, a cutting oil maycontain sulfonates in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 30 wt % of thecutting oil; about 2 wt % to about 25 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3wt % to about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cuttingoil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil;about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt %of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 10 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 11 wt % of the cutting oil; about 12 wt % of thecutting oil; about 13 wt % of the cutting oil; about 14 wt % of thecutting oil; about 15 wt % of the cutting oil; about 16 wt % of thecutting oil; about 17 wt % of the cutting oil; about 18 wt % of thecutting oil; about 19 wt % of the cutting oil; about 20 wt % of thecutting oil; about 21 wt % of the cutting oil; about 22 wt % of thecutting oil; about 23 wt % of the cutting oil; about 24 wt % of thecutting oil; about 25 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 30 wt % of thecutting oil.

In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain alcohol in an amount ofabout 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % toabout 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of thecutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt %of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of thecutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of thecutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of thecutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of thecutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of thecutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil.

In some embodiments, suitable glycol ethers may include but are notlimited to propylene glycol phenyl ether; ethylene glycol monophenylether; ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; and/or ethylene glycolmonoisopropyl ether. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may containglycol ethers in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of thecutting oil; about 0.2 wt % to about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7wt % of the cutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cuttingoil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of thecutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of thecutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of thecutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of thecutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt % of thecutting oil.

In some embodiments, suitable polyglycols may include but are notlimited to 2-methyloxirane; and/or polyethylene-polypropylene glycol. Insome embodiments, a cutting oil may contain polyglycol in an amount ofabout 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % toabout 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of thecutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; ; about0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt %of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of thecutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of thecutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of thecutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of thecutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of thecutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil.

In some embodiments, suitable amines may include but are not limited ton-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine; triethanolamine; and/or methyldiethanolamine. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain amines inan amount of about 1 wt % to about 30 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2wt % to about 25 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % to about 20 wt %of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of thecutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of thecutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of thecutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of thecutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 10 wt % of thecutting oil; about 11 wt % of the cutting oil; about 12 wt % of thecutting oil; about 13 wt % of the cutting oil; about 14 wt % of thecutting oil; about 15 wt % of the cutting oil; about 16 wt % of thecutting oil; about 17 wt % of the cutting oil; about 18 wt % of thecutting oil; about 19 wt % of the cutting oil; about 20 wt % of thecutting oil; about 21 wt % of the cutting oil; about 22 wt % of thecutting oil; about 23 wt % of the cutting oil; about 24 wt % of thecutting oil; about 25 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 30 wt % of thecutting oil.

In some embodiments, suitable biocides may include but are not limitedto methylene-bis-morpholine; and/or 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one. In someembodiments, a cutting oil may contain biocide in an amount of about 0.1wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % to about 9 wt %of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of the cutting oil;about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt % toabout 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of thecutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of thecutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of thecutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of thecutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of thecutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of thecutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of thecutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of thecutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil.

In some embodiments, suitable corrosion inhibitors may include but arenot limited to 1H-benzotriazol; and/or 1,2,3-benzotriazol. In someembodiments, a cutting oil may contain corrosion inhibitors in an amountof about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % toabout 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of thecutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt %of the cutting oil; about 0.3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 0.5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 0.7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 0.9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of thecutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of thecutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of thecutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of thecutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of thecutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil.

In some embodiments, suitable EP additives may include but are notlimited to polysulfides, di-tert-dodecyl polysulfide, di-tert-nonylpolysulfide, di-tert-dodecyl disulfide, and/or di-tert-butylpolysulfide. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain EP additivesin an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil;about 0.2 wt % to about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % toabout 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of thecutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cuttingoil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cuttingoil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cuttingoil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil;about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt %of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of thecutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil.

In some embodiments, suitable defoamers may include but are not limitedto polydimethylsiloxanes, polypropylene glycol copolymers, polyethyleneglycol, fatty acid soaps, and/or siloxanes. In some embodiments, acutting oil may contain defoamer in an amount of about 0.01 wt % toabout 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.02 wt % to about 0.9 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 0.04 wt % to about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil;about 0.06 wt % to about 0.7 wt % of the cutting oil; ; about 0.08 wt %to about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % to about 0.5 wt %of the cutting oil; about 0.01 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.02 wt %of the cutting oil; about 0.04 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.06 wt %of the cutting oil; about 0.08 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt %of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.3 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.5 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.7 wt % ofthe cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.9 wt % ofthe cutting oil; or about 1 wt % of the cutting oil.

In some embodiments, a cutting oil is formulated as follows:

Component Wt % Pinhao Manso Oil 40-70 Synthetic Esters  5-20Saturated/Unsaturated 10-30 fatty acids (C₁₂-C₂₂) Sulfonates  5-20Alcohols 1-5 Polyglycols 1-5 Amines 10-30 Biocides 1-5 Defoamers 0.1-0.5

Application

Cutting oils of embodiments of the present invention may be used inconventional methods for cuttings oils, lubricants, and coolants inmetal machining and grinding processes. In some embodiments, cuttingoils of the present invention are applied in machining and grindingprocesses of metals. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the presentinvention are applied in machining and grinding processes of metalalloys. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention areapplied in machining and grinding processes of aluminum metal alloys. Insome embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention are applied formilling, drilling, and/or tapping.

In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention exhibitenhanced lubricity. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the presentinvention containing Pinhao Manso vegetal oil exhibit enhanced lubricityas compared to cutting oils containing other vegetal oils but not PinhaoManso vegetal oil. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the presentinvention may provide a decrease in tool consumption during themachining and grinding process of metals, metal alloys and aluminummetal alloys. For example, in one embodiment, use of a cutting oil ofthe present invention results in at least 20% less tool consumption inthe metal machining and grinding process than other vegetal based oilsand premium oils. In one embodiment, use of a cutting oil of the presentinvention including Pinhao Manso vegetal oil results in at least 20%less tool consumption in the metal machining and grinding process foraeronautic aluminum and cast iron than other vegetal based oils andpremium oils.

In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention may beadvantageous over conventional cutting oils because cutting oils of thepresent invention may be environmentally friendly; they are easier todischarge as compared to cutting oils containing large amounts ofmineral oils, and may be produced from a renewable raw material such asPinhao Manso seeds. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the presentinvention containing Pinhao Manso vegetal oil may be less expensive thanother types of vegetal oils useful in cutting oil manufacturing.

In some embodiments, a cutting oil of the present invention whichincludes Pinhao Manso oil removes more volume than conventional cuttingoils in milling operations. In some embodiments, a Pinhao Manso cuttingoil removes about 20 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 25 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 30 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 35 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 40 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 45 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 50 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 55 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 60 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 65 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 70 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 75 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 80 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 85 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 90 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 95 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; about 100 wt % more than conventional cutting oils inaluminum milling; or more than about 100 wt % more than conventionalcutting oils in aluminum milling.

EXAMPLES

The following examples, wherein all parts, percentages, and ratios areby weight, and all temperatures are in ° F. unless indicated to thecontrary, illustrate some embodiments of the present invention:

Example 1

A cutting oil was prepared according to the following formulation:

Component Wt % Pinhão Manso Oil 43.8 Synthetic Esters 9.0 Water 2.5Saturated/Unsaturated 21.0 fatty acids (C₁₂-C₂₂) Carboxylic acid 1.0Sulfonates 3.5 Glycol Ethers 2.0 Polyglycols 2.0 Corrosion Inhibitor 0.5EP Additives 3.0 Amines 7.5 Biocides 4.0 Defoamers 0.2

Example 2

A Pinhao Manso cutting oil according to the formulation of Example 1 wasapplied during milling of aluminum, with a spindle velocity of 16000rpm, a vc of 603 m/min and an fz of 0.05 mm/tooth. Several other cuttingoils were applied under the same conditions as a comparison. The cuttingoils produced the following results:

Product Removed Volume (cm³) Pinhao Manso Product 60 2nd Place Product40 Average of Other Products 28

The results show that the Pinhao Manso cutting oil removed 50% morevolume than the next best cutting oil, and more than 100% more than theaverage of the other tested cutting oil products.

Example 3

A Pinhao Manso cutting oil according to the formulation of Example 1 wasapplied during tapping of aluminum, with a spindle velocity of 12000 rpmand the following conditions:

Alloy Aluminum 7075 vc [m/min] 320 fz [mm/tooth] 0.08 Passing hole [mm]20

The process resulted in a total number of threads of 1250.

Example 4

A Pinhao Manso cutting oil according to the formulation of Example 1 wasapplied during drilling of gray cast iron. The drilling operation wasrun at a spindle velocity of 12000 rpm and the following conditions:

Conditions vc [m/min] fz [mm/tooth] 1 95 0.3 2 95 0.2 3 120 0.3 4 1200.2

Several other cutting oils were applied under the same conditions as acomparison. The cutting oils produced the following results:

Number of Holes Condition Condition Condition Condition Products 1 2 3 4Pinhao Manso Product 432 324 180 180 2nd Place Product 396 324 180 1443rd Place Product 360 288 144 108

The results show that the Pinhao Manso cutting oil resulted in highernumber of holes for Conditions 1 and 4 than the 2nd place cutting oil,and a higher number of holes for all four conditions than the 3rd placeproduct.

Example 5

A Pinhao Manso cutting oil according to the formulation of Example 1 wasapplied during tapping of gray cast iron, with a spindle velocity of12000 rpm and the following conditions:

Alloy Aluminum 7075 vc [m/min] 124 fz [mm/tooth] 0.027 Passing hole [mm]45

The process resulted in a total number of threads of 300.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could bemade to the exemplary embodiments shown and described above withoutdeparting from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood,therefore, that this invention is not limited to the exemplaryembodiments shown and described, but it is intended to covermodifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention asdefined by the claims. For example, specific features of the exemplaryembodiments may or may not be part of the claimed invention and featuresof the disclosed embodiments may be combined.

It is to be understood that at least some of the figures anddescriptions of the invention have been simplified to focus on elementsthat are relevant for a clear understanding of the invention, whileeliminating, for purposes of clarity, other elements that those ofordinary skill in the art will appreciate may also comprise a portion ofthe invention.

We claim:
 1. A cutting oil comprising Pinhao Manso vegetal oil in anamount of at least about 30 Wt % of the cutting oil.
 2. The cutting oilof claim 1, wherein the cutting oil comprises about 40 wt % to about 70wt % Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.
 3. The cutting oil of claim 1, comprisingsynthetic esters in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % of thecutting oil.
 4. The cutting oil of claim 1, comprising saturated and/orunsaturated fatty acids in an amount of about 10 wt % to about 30 wt %of the cutting oil.
 5. A method of metal processing, comprising:applying a cutting oil to a metal, wherein the cutting oil comprisesPinhao Manso vegetal oil in an amount of at least about 30 wt % of thecutting oil.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the cutting oil comprisesPinhao Manso vegetal oil in an amount of about 40 wt % to about 70 wt %of the cutting oil.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the cutting oil isapplied to a metal for milling, tapping, and/or drilling operations. 8.The method of claim 7, wherein the metal is aluminum.
 9. The method ofclaim 7, wherein the metal is gray cast iron.